Resource guide
3.3.2 Labels or Instructions
Labels or instructions must be provided when user input is required.
By Calling All Minds·Last updated April 2026
Success criterion
Conformance level
Essential baseline — must meet for any compliance.
What it means
When a form requires input, users need to know what is expected of them. Labels tell them what a field is for. Instructions tell them what format the input must take, or what constraints apply.
Labels must be visible and persistent, not just placeholder text that disappears when typing begins. Required fields must be identified. Format requirements (dates, phone numbers, postcodes) must be explained.
In practice
Use the HTML label element associated with every form input using for and id attributes, or wrap the input in the label element.
Do not use placeholder text as the only label. Placeholder text disappears when the user starts typing and has insufficient contrast.
Explain required formats: 'Date (DD/MM/YYYY)' or 'UK postcode, e.g. SW1A 1AA'.
Identify required fields: either mark all required fields, or mark all optional fields and state which convention you are using.
Common failures
- Form field with only a placeholder label that disappears on focus
- Date field with no instruction about the expected format
- Form where required fields are not identified
AXS Audit
AXS Audit checks your site against 3.3.2 and flags issues your team can act on straight away. It covers criteria that automated scanners often miss.